Word: czechoslovakias
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...story of dramatic changes in Czechoslovakia [April 5] is fascinating. The ice of 20 years of totalitarian dictatorship has started to melt. It's remarkable that a nation that was betrayed by the West is able to accomplish the liberalization, with re-establishment of some of the basic freedoms, without outside help or interference. The question arises: Is it worth it or justified to fight Communism with precious American blood in the jungles of Southeast Asia when the same system seems gradually disintegrating from the inside in Central Europe...
...country. The reformers, many of whom had been humiliated by worse rituals in the past, did not linger long over their triumphal moment. After days of debate and amendment, they pushed through Party Boss Alexander Dubček's "action program" for the democratic reform of Czechoslovakia (TIME cover, April 5). Then they nominated Economist Oldřich Černík, 46, as the new Premier to organize a government that will carry out "a renaissance of socialism...
...very earliest on June 30, when he celebrates his 75th birthday. His haste to push the constitution through at the earliest possible date is an obvious attempt to buttress his own position at a time when change and unrest are sweeping over his two closest Communist neighbors, Poland and Czechoslovakia. The last surviving Stalinist ruler in the Soviet bloc, Ulbricht feels ill at ease and isolated. As matters stand today in Eastern Europe, his introduction of such a backward-looking document may make him feel even lonelier...
While the forces of liberalization continued to gather momentum in Czechoslovakia, the regime of Poland's Wladyslaw Gomulka stiffened its resistance to reform. To filter out the ringleaders of the student demonstrations that have occurred over the past few weeks, it closed down eight academic depart ments at Warsaw University, forcing 1,000 out of its 7,000 students to reen roll this week. The government drafted into the army more than 200 students, expelled 34 others at Warsaw and fired six professors, at least two of them Jew ish, on charges of inciting disturbances. In a revival...
...holding down wages, deferring consumption, and plowing back the produce of today's labor into plants and machines for tomorrow. But now they are also finding it politically necessary to divert more and more into consumption to quiet their clamoring people. One consequence is that Poland, Rumania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia have begun in a modest way to import capital from the West, permit Western businessmen to invest in some ventures...