Word: czechoslovakias
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...contain the virus of Communist expansion, pundits attempted to assure the West that most Marxist regimes took power only with the force of outside arms. On its own, Communism took root only in benighted countries like czarist Russia and feudal China. The more advanced countries of Eastern Europe -- Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland -- had the Marxist-Leninist system thrust upon them on the point of a Soviet Red Army bayonet...
When New York City's Public Theater produced his The Memorandum in 1968, Vaclav Havel sat in the audience. But by the time his The Increased Difficulty of Concentration was mounted the following year, the Soviets had marched into his native Czechoslovakia, and Havel was no longer able to travel. His works have been banned from Czech stages. For his human-rights activism, he has repeatedly been jailed. This week, when the Public opened his Temptation, Havel was serving an eight-month sentence for "incitement" and "a public order misdemeanor" during a peaceful demonstration in January protesting the legacy...
Whole segments of the East bloc, once firmly under the thumb of Soviet orthodoxy, are launched in headlong pursuit of a new political and economic order. But not all. In Bulgaria an aging leadership shows no sign of interest in homegrown perestroika. In Czechoslovakia, where leading dissident Vaclav Havel has been sentenced to jail, trials moved into a second month for other activists held on charges ranging from organizing peaceful antigovernment demonstrations to signing political petitions. And in Stalinist Rumania, party leader Nicolae Ceausescu remains the "Idi Amin of Communism," as his neighbors call him. The unregenerate totalitarian, obsessed with...
Other books that were read from had been banned for political reasons. Mein Kampf, by Adolf Hitler, endorsed anti-Semitism and was outlawed in Palestine and Czechoslovakia...
...just as the specter of an East-West conflict has receded, East-East police actions may also grow harder to justify, and someday perhaps harder to execute. Hungary, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria have all followed Gorbachev's lead by announcing large cuts in defense spending. The gradual demilitarization of those societies could fuel economic reform by freeing resources for civilian industry...