Word: czechoslovaks
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...delight of their audiences, performers in theaters and cabarets occasionally throw barbed double-entendres at the Soviet occupiers and their Czechoslovak collaborators...
...Deputy Party Chief Enrico Berlinguer expounded the independent views of the largest Communist party outside the Soviet bloc. Departing from the Soviet line on every major point, Berlinguer stressed Italian opposition to any move toward an "excommunication" of the Chinese, reiterated his party's grave disapproval of the Czechoslovak occupation, and called for the independence of every party. Shrugging off Soviet claims of pre-eminence in the Communist movement, Berlinguer declared: "We reject the thesis that a single model of socialist society suitable for all situations can exist." An independent mood was also reflected in the speeches of party...
Many of Moscow's guests were unabashedly reluctant about their presence, and ready to resist any Soviet attempt to railroad unpalatable resolutions through the assembly. Over the conference hung the shadow of Russia's intervention in Czechoslovakia?a shadow that even the presence of a docile Czechoslovak delegation led by new Party First Secretary Gustav Husak was unlikely to dispel. Still echoing were the gunshots exchanged by Soviet and Chinese soldiers along the Ussuri River. Then there were the ghosts at the banquet, the men who had refused to come: China's Mao Tse-tung, North Viet...
Aware of the opposition, the Soviets enlisted support for the doctrine from its first victims. Shortly before leaving for Moscow, Czechoslovak Party First Secretary Gustav Husak, who in April replaced Alexander Dubcek, declared that "anti-Communist and anti-Soviet insti gations" had justified the intervention of Czechoslovakia's Warsaw Pact neigh bors. In Moscow, Husak, accompanied by new hard-line officials who only the week before had accomplished a purge of most of the prominent liberals on the Czechoslovak Central Committee, pleaded with the Italians and other foreign Communists not to discuss the Czechoslovakia issue in the conference...
Despite his age, Grigorenko cedes nothing to his associates in his distaste for autarchy or disdain for government attempts to muzzle dissent. When his old army comrades were about to invade Czechoslovakia, Grigorenko paid a call at the Czechoslovak embassy to advertise his approval of the Dubček liberalization program. At the funeral of Writer Aleksei Kosterin (TIME, Nov. 22), a longtime friend, he turned his eulogy at Moscow's crematory hall into an eloquent attack on "totalitarianism that hides behind the master of so-called Soviet democracy...