Word: czestochowa
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Manifresco. In Czestochowa, Poland, according to Tygodnik Demokratyczny, police arrested two hustlers who had bought up all the portraits of Karl Marx they could find, painted halos over Marx's head, and were doing a brisk business selling them in front of a Czestochowa monastery as portraits of St. Joseph...
Masks & Truncheons. A many-turreted complex of buildings perched upon the "Mountain of Light" overlooking the grimy industrial city of Czestochowa, the monastery not only houses the gem-studded image of the Madonna ("The Holy Mother-Queen of Poland") that legend says was painted by St. Luke; it was also the great fortress famed for holding out against the conquering Swedes in 1655. No sooner had the church-state agreement of 1956 been made than pilgrims began flocking by the thousands once again to the shrine that had come to mean national independence. But even more disturbing to the government...
...Insult." Though the government kept the attack out of the press, the story soon spread. Last week in a letter that was read from every pulpit in his city, the Bishop of Czestochowa denounced the government's action as "an insult to our national sanctuary." That evening 20,000 Catholics gathered for a special Mass, heard Cardinal Wyszynski himself deliver the apostolic blessing. Later the cardinal issued a pastoral letter charging that the police had arrested at least one monk and several priests and pilgrims...
...religious holidays. "It's good for the heart as well as the soul," said a young peasant woman near Lowicz last week, winding a chain of paper roses around a huge roadside cross. A fortnight ago, at the annual renewal of national vows to the Madonna of Czestochowa, 500,000 Poles turned out at the shrine where King John Casimir dedicated his throne and country to Our Lady Queen of Poland just 300 years ago. On an open-air altar high above the plains surrounding the shrine, a mere speck of red to most of the crowd, Cardinal Wyszynski...