Word: czestochowa
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...square before the church, glancing toward the grey militia cars parked near by. In the dusty churchyard, women knelt to pray while children in white Communion dresses skipped about. Inside the small, battered church, Bishop Jerzy Modzelewski told an overflowing congregation that the replica of the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, scheduled to arrive that day in Nowy Dvor as part of a summer-long processional to celebrate the millennium of Poland's conversion to Christianity would not come. "The authorities intercepted it," he explained. "The van carrying the madonna was taken to St. John's Cathedral in Warsaw...
...that is spreading from the deeply religious to those who normally take a more impartial stance. The government has staged rival celebrations, temporarily detained bishops and Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski himself, dragged individual citizens off to police stations on grounds that they had been "planning to take a trip to Czestochowa," or "standing by" during anti-regime demonstrations. Tens of thousands of peasants have been left by the roadside, in their Sunday clothes and with bouquets in their hands, patiently awaiting the passage of the replica of the Black Madonna, whose journey was interrupted by the government. Partly in protest, churches...
...harbor city of Gdansk, shouting students marched on the main railway station, tore down an antichurch billboard and used it as kindling for a bonfire. Angrily the government fired off a note to the cardinal, ordering him to tone down the millennium and reminding him that a replica of Czestochowa's renowned "Black Madonna" painting-centerpiece for most of the celebrations-could only be transported around Poland in "a closed car." The warning went unheeded. Last week a group of students in Lublin grabbed the portrait after a cathedral ceremony and carried it down the main street...
...climax of ten years of celebrations that the Roman Catholic Church has held to mark Poland's conversion to Christianity in 966. In some ways, it was an oddly anticlimactic one, for the crowds at Czestochowa were not nearly as large as had been hoped-or feared. Church officials had predicted 700,000 pilgrims, while Communist authorities, concerned that the demonstrations might fan the coals of antigovernment resentment, had made elaborate plans to tamp down a turnout that they believed could top a million. Two major football games were scheduled to siphon off Poles who might otherwise make...
...forbidden to come to Czestochowa by Gomulka but nevertheless celebrated his own private millennial Mass in a small chapel among the grottoes of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, before a replica of Czestochowa's renowned Black Madonna...