Word: czestochowa
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...witnesses in a Chicago court said they had seen Franciszek Walus beat and murder Jewish residents of Kielce and Czestochowa while serving as a Gestapo agent from 1939 to 1943. Though Walus, a Polish emigré, insisted that he spent those years on labor farms in Germany, Federal Judge Julius Hoffman, 85 (who presided at the Chicago Seven trial in 1969), ruled that he had won citizenship by hiding his Nazi past. Facing deportation, Walus, 58, hired a new attorney who found documents showing that the Gestapo had a 5-ft. 7-in. height minimum (Walus...
Walesa is a devout Roman Catholic who rarely misses morning Mass. A wood-and-silver crucifix is prominently displayed wherever he speaks. On his left lapel he always wears a badge depicting the Black Madonna of Czestochowa, the revered symbol of Polish nationalism. He wrote a widely reproduced prayer that begins, "Virgin Mary, I come to you in the total modesty of my heart...
Each year 5 million or 6 million pilgrims visit the Jasna Gora monastery in Poland to see the revered painting of the Black Madonna. But dozens of visitors are injured while crossing the busy road that separates the grounds from the town of Czestochowa. In addition, the government has long wanted to widen the road into an expressway. The solution: a pedestrian tunnel. But the project became another test of wills between Polish church and state. Bishop Stefan Barela complained that the underpass was a plot to cut off the monastery from the town and to "strike a blow...