Word: d1
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Similar practices are spreading across Europe. In Germany, Deutsche Telekom's D1 service allows motorists to call in with a destination, then drive on, as a computer-generated voice calls back every 15 minutes with traffic information. In Italy, operator Omnitel lets users call a special number while standing in front of designated piazzas; the computer figures out where you are and plays back a recorded discourse on the art and history of the location in one of five languages...
...well-tolerated MAO B-inhibitor drugs developed to treat Parkinson's disease could find a place in the antismoking arsenal. Equally promising, a Yale University team led by Eric Nestler and David Self has found that another type of compound--one that targets the dopamine receptor known as D1--seems to alleviate, at least in rats, the intense craving that accompanies withdrawal from cocaine. One day, suggests Self, a D1 skin patch might help cocaine abusers kick their habit, just as the nicotine patch attenuates the desire to smoke...
Like methadone, the compound that activates D1 appears to be what is known as a partial agonist. Because such medications stimulate some of the same brain pathways as drugs of abuse, they are often addictive in their own right, though less so. And while treating heroin addicts with methadone may seem like a cop-out to people who have never struggled with a drug habit, clinicians say they desperately need more such agents to tide addicts--particularly cocaine addicts--over the first few months of treatment, when the danger of relapse is highest...
Members of some 2 million U.S. families are allergic to cats. Feline saliva contains the offending substance, a protein called Fel d1 (for Felis domesticus 1) that is left on the fur and skin during preening, a full-time preoccupation of most cats. As a result, houses full of cat hair and dander cause uncomfortable reactions in 25% of allergy sufferers. "Some 70% of cat owners allow their cats to sleep with them in their beds," says Dr. Joseph Wedner, chief of allergy and clinical immunology at Washington University. "There's no better way to make someone allergic...
...although in each case the victory may not be worth the trouble. In the midst of experiments with cat dander, allergist Wedner made a serendipitous discovery. "If you wash cats once a month," he says, "then over a period of three to eight months they will stop making Fel d1. In essence, you've created a nonallergenic cat." To nail down his findings, Wedner now has his cat-owning patients experimenting with the technique on their pets...