Word: darwinism
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...time elapsed since golf's genesis in those Scottish hinterlands, Bernard Richard Meirion Darwin has been the game's greatest chronicler. Although Darwin is indisputably the best golf writer who ever lived, many also rate him the greatest sportswriter to set ink on paper, and that estimation takes into account such noteworthy members of the genus as Ring Lardner, Grantland Rice, Leo Tolstoy, Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner...
Jensen, Herrnstein, and 47 colleagues published a resolution in American Psychologist, July, 1972, comparing themselves to Galileo, Darwin, and Einstein, and attacking the "orthodox environmentalism" of their critics. They declared that "hereditary influences... in human abilities and behaviors... are very strong"; strongly encouraged "research into the biological hereditary bases of behavior"; and said they "deplore[d] the evasion of hereditary reasoning in current textbooks and the failure to give responsible weight to heredity in disciplines such as sociology, social psychology, social anthropology, psychological measurement, and many others...
...some of the novel organisms produced, and the more conjectural, long-term risk that our interference with evolution will eventually create unforeseeable disasters. These discussions have been based largely on the assumption that any novel organism produced by this technique may well survive and spread. But this assumption ignores Darwin's great discovery: the dominating role of natural selection in determining what survive, multiplies, and evolves. While Darwin dealt only with the visible living world, Pasteur made essentially the same discovery for invisible organisms, though expressed in different terms: bacteria do not arise by spontaneous generation but are ubiquitous...
...from epidemiology. To molecular biologists who have seen one deep mystery after another in other areas of biology settled by the extremely hard data that their field provides, the evolutionary considerations that I shall invoke may seem like mere hand-waving. But in this light nearly all of Darwin's arguments, based on inferences about the past and not on verifiable experiments, could be similarly dismissed. And I would remind you that Darwin's theory remains the most profound and unifying generalization in biology: it is enormously supported today by the evidence from DNA sequences for the genetic origin...
...depending on such variables as growth rate, growth requirements, ability to scavenge traces of food, adherence to the gut linings and resistance to antimicrobial factors in the host. Hence most novel strains are quickly extinguished. The mechanism of this extinction is the kind of selection by competition envisaged by Darwin for higher organisms, but with bacteria it happens in days rather than in eons...