Word: darwinism
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When James Monroe issued his doctrine on Dec. 2, 1823, most of the world's great nations were ruled by kings or emperors, and most of their subjects were farmers or peasants. Byron and Beethoven were still living, Darwin and Marx were still children. The years since then have witnessed avalanches of change that have transformed the world beyond the imaginings of the men of Monroe's time. But the Monroe Doctrine survived all the transformations and remains today a living principle of national policy...
...After Darwin, Doubt. In the aftermath of Darwin, scientists grew increasingly confident that their questioning disciplines could eventually supply all answers, and were increasingly contemptuous of Genesis and all other parts of the Bible that conflict with science's discoveries. After World War II, when science capped humanity's plight with the hydrogen bomb, some scientists joined the nation's postwar religious revival. But eventually, though the churches had by then conceded much to science, many of the converts found them still too laden with ceremony and dogmatism for the scientific taste...
When Draftee Frène took the usual aptitude exams, he scored so high that he was given the tough officer-candidate test, which is scored from i to 20. Taken in 35 minutes, it consists of 20 quotations from such eminences as Bacon, Bergson, Darwin and Descartes, with multiple-choice questions that reflect concepts and vocabulary at U.S. graduate-school level...
...twin peaks of English education, Americans are more aware of Oxford, perhaps because Rhodes scholars go there. Few even realize that the reputable university in Cambridge, Mass., was founded by a B.A. (Cantab.) named John Harvard; few could guess that Cambridge is the alma mater of Bacon, Byron, Darwin, Erasmus, Milton, Newton, Spenser, Tennyson, Thackeray, Walpole and Wordsworth. Strong in classics and "PPE" (philosophy, politics, economics), Oxford has dominated Whitehall and Westminster. But now England has a surfeit of politicians and debaters. It needs more scientists and engineers, and so it needs Cambridge...
There is much about evolution that is not understood. Ardrey takes the explosive growth of man's brain, occurring in the geologically instantaneous time of about a half-million years, for granted. Many anthropologists from Darwin to Eiseley have been unable to do so. This growth is unprecedented in recent evolutionary history. Why did it occur...