Word: data
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Their own figures, the two Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists explain, are based not only on data from Venus 4 but also on transmissions from the U.S. spacecraft Mariner 5 which flew past Venus less than two days after the Russian landing. According to JPL, the Russian capsule stopped sending signals when it was 3,774 miles from the center of Venus. But recent measurements by four powerful U.S. radar installations have established that the planet's radius is only 3,759 miles. That means that at the instant Venus 4 stopped transmitting, it must have been 15 miles above...
...flights, the scientists recommended the older and more economical Pioneer-type craft first launched in 1958. They are smaller than the Mariners and spin at 60 r.p.m., but can be crammed full of sophisticated new instruments. Placed into orbit around the planets, the little craft could return detailed scientific data and even take pictures with a transistorized, 10-Ib. TV camera. Pioneers could also be flown past Jupiter...
Last week, when remnants of the Soviets' Cosmos 61 shot whirled out of space, NORAD's cameras, radar network and computer banks watched the descending debris until it was finally incinerated in the atmosphere. Other eyes also followed its fiery fall. Using NORAD data dubbed TIP (for Target Impact Point), Herbert E. Roth, a Denver-based jet-training planner for United Air Lines, operates a unique one-man satellite-early-warning system. It alerts commercial airline pilots to the possibility of space debris hurtling across their flight paths...
Evaluation of Title I programs has remained much like that--an act of faith in their worth supported by only fragmentary data on the successes or failures of the students they are supposed to help. When the act was passed, some local districts denounced it as a prelude to a Federal takeover of education. Local school districts have now abdicated their zealously guarded sovereignty enough to accept the $3 billion in aid under Title I, but few distircts appear to be going out of their way to help the USOE, or even state education departments, find out exactly how much...
...Harvard science wonks, since it's primarily the sort of observational work that engaged nineteenth century researchers: ice, wildlife, weather, and ocean depth surveys, plus simple physical and psychological tests on the effects of their bleak environment. However, these elementary investigations are crucial to cold regions researchers whose limited data on this huge area so far has come chiefly from a few itinerant ice island stations maintained by the U.S. and U.S.S.R., and from an international ice observation study called Project Bird...