Word: daumiers
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...exhibition of caricatures was organized by a new Franco-British Association of Art et Tourisme, sponsored by Their Excellencies the British and French Ambassadors, and numbering among its active officers Anglophile André Maurois. Frenchmen, who are still fond enough of Daumier and Grandville (TIME, Nov. 8) to use their drawings in modern advertisements, got plenty of fun out of their English predecessors and contemporaries, Hogarth, Rowlandson, Gillray, Cruikshank et al., represented by 391 sketches, engravings and lithographs. But this was only a foretaste of the grandeurs to come...
...fervor ("you want to sing, dance, yell, get drunk, and pray") is mixed with the technique of shearing; observations on the sexual prowess of rams with gossip about his neighbors; market conditions with a description of bathing with his wife in washtubs ("one felt it as something out of Daumier or Cruikshank, of Degas or Rembrandt"); dissertations on the weather with proposed reforms for farmers' dress (kilts and beard...
...Technical Notes on Daumier," included in the catalogue, Philadelphians are given the results of a study conducted by Art Expert David Rosen and Curator of Paintings Henri Marceau, by means of X-ray and infrared photographs of twelve paintings and seven wash drawings. La Blanchisseuse and most of the other paintings were done on wood. Messrs. Rosen and Marceau discovered that each of the X-rayed wood panels had been scratched over as if by a fine-toothed saw, producing a texture like that of woven fabric. This gave a firm grip to the ground of gesso (whiting and glue...
Even more characteristic was the artist's method of feeling out and establishing his forms. Daumier had an extraordinary visual memory and a sculptor's grasp of three-dimensional movement. His famed drawings of lawyers, legislators, railway travelers, acrobats, street characters and bourgeois at home were done usually at night, under great journalistic pressure, without models or sketches. Although Balzac said Daumier had "Michelangelo under the skin," until 1860, when he was 52, he had scarcely any time to give to painting. When he was able to work in oils he went at it slowly using tentative outlines...
...Philadelphia show includes, besides 152 lithographs and 52 oils and watercolors, seven pieces of Daumier's sculpture and three original lithograph stones from which prints can still be made. Notable among the paintings are six watercolors whose discovery was announced a few weeks ago in Baltimore by researchers who are still engaged in sorting out the vast collection left by Henry Walters, "the South's richest man" (railroads), who died in 1931. Three of these, Interior of an Omnibus, First-Class Carriage, and Lawyer exist in no other version and had not been seen for 40 years...