Word: defect
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Japanese, low-cost Asian copycats undercut prices and mowed down U.S. chipmakers with murderous effect: the semiconductor industry lost more than $4 billion and 25,000 jobs between 1983 and 1989. Dozens of firms abandoned the business. American companies also hurt their own cause with shoddy work and high defect rates. Written off by many experts, the semiconductor industry seemed destined for the same fate as steel, autos and televisions. Recalls Gordon Moore, chairman of Intel, the ranking U.S. chipmaker: "We were given up for dead...
James F. Gusella, professor of genetics at the Medical School, reports in an article in today's issue of Nature Genetics, a British scientific journal, that he and co-workers at the Massachusetts General Hospital have discovered a gene coding for a defect which may be responsible for the disease...
...hypothesis advanced by some researchers isthat Huntington's disease is caused by a defect insome protein, present in cells throughout thebody, to which a certain class of neurons, whichdisappear during the course of a patient's life,are more sensitive...
Other contentious issues will arise. Doctors will be able to detect many serious genetic diseases at the fetal stage, which will lead some parents to opt for abortion. But there will also be preventive measures for people who want to avoid passing their defective genes on to their children. When one parent carries the deadly and dominant gene for Huntington's chorea, for example, there is a 50% chance that any offspring will have it too. To reduce those odds to zero, doctors of the future will extract several eggs from the prospective mother and fertilize them in a test...
...Alan Handyside and Robert Winston, perfected a technique for drawing cells into hair-thin pipettes one at a time. Then they teamed up with a group from Houston's Baylor College of Medicine and Methodist Hospital who had developed a procedure for rapidly spotting the cystic fibrosis defect in a single strand of DNA, using the gene- cloning technique called polymerase chain reaction. "It's like finding one typographical error in a book 180 times the size of the Encyclopaedia Britannica in about six hours," says Dr. Mark Hughes, director of Baylor's Prenatal Genetics Center...