Word: delling
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Ireland's transformation in the 1990s was as sweeping as it was swift. Lured by low taxes and a young, well-educated workforce, multinational firms such as Intel, Dell and Hewlett-Packard set up shop, establishing Ireland as a bridge between the U.S. and Europe. Exports soared, helped by billions of dollars in E.U. development funds and the government's clever management of public finances. Growth took off too: the Irish economy expanded at an average of 6.5% a year during the '90s, more than double the rate of the previous decade...
...companies dominate the voting-machine market today: Election Systems & Software (ES&S), Sequoia Voting Systems, and Premier Election Solutions (formerly Diebold Election Systems), all of which have been accused of facilitating - or participating in - fraud. Diebold renamed itself in 2007 following the resignation of its chief executive, Walden O'Dell, over a fund-raising letter sent before the 2004 election stating that he was "committed to helping Ohio deliver its electoral votes to the President...
...million in revenue over the past three or four years. Other companies within the industry are managing to reduce their carbon emissions per million dollars of revenue or by cutting emissions outright. And the best are doing even more - the $56 billion computer maker Dell announced in August that it had gone fully "carbon neutral," which is about as green as you can get. "We look at environmental responsibility holistically," says Tod Arbogast, Dell's director of sustainability. "The material we place in our products, how we make them, has an impact from the beginning...
...energy costs remain volatile. That's especially germane to big-power products, like the microprocessing chips that run desktop computers. Shapiro points to Intel, whose new microprocessors are designed to use 40% less energy to generate 40% more power than the previous generation of chips - just 18 months old. Dell itself has rolled out a new desktop that is up to 70% more efficient than the average PC - an attractive quality for server farms, the computer banks that make up the backbone of the Internet, which have grown increasingly energy hungry in recent years. Reducing energy consumption does...
Ultimately, both of those conditions will need satisfying before the electronics industry can go deep green. Companies like Dell - which sources one-fifth of its power from renewable resources and offsets the rest - will go green of their own accord, and customers may reward them for it. Other companies will need encouragement - like the system in place in Japan, where the ambitious levels of efficiency achieved by industry leaders are used to force the bottom of the table to catch up. For his part, Shapiro prefers "the carrot to the stick," pointing out that energy efficiency has been increasing, even...