Word: deng
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...13th Congress of the 46 million-member Chinese Communist Party officially opened last week, the contrast between the energetic reformer and the enfeebled conservative was starkly symbolic. The party conclave, the first since 1982, had long been seen as a watershed event, the meeting at which Deng would consolidate the controversial economic and political reforms he began in 1979. Less than a year ago, sinologists speculated that the octogenarians who have run the country since the death of Chairman Mao Zedong in 1976 would use the occasion to cede control to younger, reform-minded leaders. In the end Deng Xiaoping...
What a difference a year makes. After months of intraparty squabbling, last week's session was less about consolidation than about compromise. To be sure, Zhao's keynote speech, long viewed as an index of whether Deng's program would move forward, was a ringing endorsement of modernization. But Zhao watered down that optimism by noting it would take longer than expected to make the reforms work. Moreover, Deng's dreams of transferring power to a loyal successor remained largely unrealized. Although the final makeup of the Politburo, its Standing Committee and the party Secretariat will not be known until...
...flaw in Deng's retirement plan was that he bet on the wrong man. His handpicked successor, Hu Yaobang, 72, a keen reformer, was dismissed as party leader in January for failing to control student demonstrators who were demanding freedom and democracy...
Welcome to the "Second Revolution," a phrase used by both Chinese Leader Deng Xiaoping and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev to describe the upheaval in economics and ideas now under way in the two Communist powers. The Chinese speak of gai ge (reform) or kai fang (opening up). The Soviets refer to perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness). What the new slogans herald is the most far-ranging shift in course since Dictator Joseph Stalin drove the Soviet Union onto the path of forced collectivization and heavy industrialization in the 1930s and Beijing's Great Helmsman, Mao Zedong, launched the Cultural...
...Tiananmen Square, long queues of Chinese pilgrims enter the imposing mausoleum of Chairman Mao for a fleeting glimpse of the flag-draped body. The scars of the Maoist era are still too fresh for the Chinese to emulate completely the Soviet Union's new view of history. But Deng's new society has found its own way of demythologizing the past. Visitors leaving the monument mob souvenir stands to buy cartons of cigarettes or candy boxes embossed with a golden silhouette of the mausoleum...