Word: deng
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Individuals are not the only ones eager to earn extra money. Under Deng's reforms, most state-run businesses and government agencies are expected to turn a profit. An aircraft factory in Xi'an runs a marriage-introduction center that does a booming business serving the needs of hundreds of well- educated women who by their late 20s are desperate for husbands because men with less schooling are reluctant to marry them. In Chengdu the Xinhua bookstore owns a flower shop, a hair salon and a clothing boutique whose manager gets his goods from "a guy in Shanghai...
...tensions generated by the scramble for money are never far from the surface. Orthodox executives of China's state-run enterprises are very much like the Soviet Union's permanent bureaucracy, the nomenklatura. They have coasted for years under the old system, and they dislike Deng's perestroika because it asks them to compete like capitalists, and capitalism has losers. "Keeping their jobs is their No. 1 priority," says Sinclair Choy, a marine engineer from Hong Kong, who in partnership with a coastal town on the mainland runs a fishing boat-repair business. "Order, stability, calm," says Choy. "That...
Three hundred miles south of Beijing, the view from Zouping County is different. Not all Zouping's citizens are true believers, but they appear to revere the army and seemingly remain loyal to the government. Zouping has come far in the Deng era -- it even has a local beer, Hupo, that someday may rival the popularity of Tsingtao in the U.S. (The word on the street has Tsingtao's springwater supply running out in the early 1990s...
Unlike Guangdong, where Deng's injunction to "seek truth from facts" has led provincial officials to cite "unique local conditions" as a way of drifting as far from Communism as Beijing can tolerate, Wu's village represents the opposite tendency. In many ways it is still a collectivist town. The village employs doctors and covers all medical costs -- a practice $ no longer common in China, where many must pay for health care out of their own pockets. Land is privately owned, but much of its cultivation is accomplished by group effort...
...must be prohibited. The outer boundaries of permissible complaint in China have been set. Anything may be criticized except that which really matters: the right of the party to rule. To today's leaders, the experience of the past demands a straitjacket on political dissent and helps explain why Deng so feared accepting the Tiananmen demonstrators' demand for free expression...