Word: deng
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...decade ago, China appeared to be a monolith, but times have changed. After nine years of Deng Xiaoping's "Second Revolution" -- economic reform -- two Chinas have emerged. In the relatively prosperous coastal regions, millions of successful entrepreneurs are building a future in exports to the outside world. Meanwhile, most of the interior provinces lag well behind, thanks to stagnant state planning, price-controlled agriculture and millions of cadres clinging to Mao's rusty concept of the "iron rice bowl," lifelong employment guaranteed by the state. In parts of the interior, especially the large cities and Sichuan, Deng's home province...
...Deng Xiaoping, the leader responsible for cleaning up the shambles of Mao's Cultural Revolution and introducing free market reforms into the slumbering giant, stepped down from all but one of his leadership posts. Zhao Ziyang, a 68-year-old reformer in Deng's mold--but lacking his expertise and broad support--was annointed the new leader...
Nine years ago, Deng started his country walking, and now Zhao is ready to quicken the pace...
These omens for conservative uprising are worsened by the tenuous hold the liberals maintain in the first place. This January, the conservatives proved their facility at regaining power when they forced out Deng's designated successor, Hu Youbang. Hu's progressive pronouncements sparked students to rally for greater democracy. This brought a heavy-handed conservative backlash against "bourgeois liberalism" which many feared would turn into another Cultural Revolution...
...when the chips were down for reformers, Deng cowtowed to the conservatives to maintain his power--clamping down on protests and toning-down reforms. He held back on plans to reform the political structure, including separating the Communist party from day-to-day governing. Despite the best intentions, Deng was able to push his countrymen only...