Word: deng
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...leader in the war against the Japanese, Deng began to experiment with some of the incentive techniques that are at the core of his second revolution. In 1943 he launched a campaign called the "great production movement," aimed at boosting local harvests. It included a system of "rewarding the hardworking and punishing the lazy" by paying bonuses to model producers. Another feature was "contract work," committing users of public fields and rice paddies to turn over an agreed-upon production quota to the authorities and allowing those farmers to keep anything that exceeded it. According to a recent article...
...Communists' postwar struggle with Chiang Kaishek, Deng joined in planning strategy for the Huai-Hai campaign, which drove Nationalist forces south of the Yangtze and helped push them off the mainland to their Taiwan redoubt. A lull in the fighting permitted him to travel briefly to Peking for the ceremony at Tiananmen Square celebrating the founding of the People's Republic on Oct. 1, 1949. Soon afterward, Deng was named political commissar of China's vast Southwest Military Administrative Region and was based in his high school city of Chongqing. For the next three years he directed the region...
...almost dizzying ascension in the hierarchy. Already a member of the Central People's Government Council, he became secretary-general of its Central Election Committee and helped draw up plans for the reorganization of the central government. Made a Vice Premier in 1952 and a Politburo member in 1955, Deng began appearing in public with Chairman Mao and Premier Chou. When Mao visited Moscow in late 1957, he drew Soviet Leader Nikita Khrushchev aside and pointed to Deng. "See that little man there?" Mao said. "He's highly intelligent and has a great future ahead...
...February of the preceding year Deng had been in the audience when Khrushchev delivered his celebrated "secret speech" denouncing Stalin's excesses. The parallels between Stalin's personality cult and Mao's increasing use of self-glorification seem to have made an impression on Deng. At the Chinese Communist Party's National Congress seven months later, Deng openly warned, in Mao's presence, that "serious consequences can follow from the deification of the individual." It was an extraordinary act of temerity, even for a rising star...
...have tolerated the criticism because Deng remained a loyal supporter in other matters. When Mao launched his Hundred Flowers campaign, encouraging intellectuals and professionals to offer constructive criticism of the party, he created a political crisis by unleashing much deeper resentment than he had counted on. Deng fully backed Mao in a retaliatory purge that sent thousands of educators and artists to jail and banished hundreds of thousands more to the countryside. Indeed, for all his departures from standard Communist doctrine in the economic realm, Deng has never veered from orthodoxy when it came to maintaining the party's political...