Word: designate
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Gropius founded the Bauhaus in Weimar, probably the most stimulating and revolutionary design school of all time. Artists Paul Klee, Josef Albers and Wassily Kandinsky taught alongside Architects Marcel Breuer and Mies van der Rohe, among others, sharing their excitement with one another and the students. They brought together all the arts: weaving and furniture-making, as well as graphics, painting and architecture. Their work, regardless of medium, material or size, recognized the force of industrialism and the beauty of the machine. It was an entirely new way of looking at the world...
From the Bauhaus drawing boards, lean, well-proportioned buildings came forth to challenge the Gothic, Baroque and neoclassic structures of the day. One of the best examples of the austere new look was Gropius' design for the Bauhaus' second home in Dessau. Flat-topped and structurally spare, the building had horizontal bands of windows that made it seem to hover effortlessly above rather than rest heavily on the ground. Such buildings had no more of a distinct national style than a locomotive, a chair, a doorknob, or any other machine-made object...
...impact on architecture, practical success did not come for Walter Gropius until he was in his mid 70s. In 1945, he opened a Cambridge, Mass., office, called The Architects Collaborative, but his teaching left little time for commercial design. It was only after Gropius left Harvard in 1952 that the big, award-winning commissions started to come in: the U.S. embassy in Athens, the University of Baghdad, academic buildings for Phillips Academy at Andover, Harvard and Brandeis Universities. At his death, his firm had $315 million worth of work in progress, including a satellite city (named Gropiusstadt) outside Berlin...
...disciplined design with which Walter Gropius refashioned architecture Laszlo Moholy-Nagy sought to extend to every visible element in the human environment. The two men had been kindred spirits ever since Gropius visited Moholy's first exhibition in Berlin in 1922, and invited the young Hungarian expatriate to join his staff at the newly formed Bauhaus. Moholy's acceptance sealed a friendship, rooted in a rare meeting of minds, that was to last until his death...
...Moholy-Nagy tried to reactivate the Bauhaus in Chicago. The student's first year, proclaimed the catalogue, would be devoted to his "spiritual preparation." Chicago was not Dessau, and the school folded in a matter of months. Moholy regrouped, and the following year opened the School of Design, which, with financial support from industry, emerged over the next decade as one of the finest of its kind in the U.S. Today the school is merged with the Illinois Institute of Technology...