Word: designers
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...around this, the Salk researchers based the design of their face-recognizing computer on the one thing all computers do well: acquiring, storing and analyzing masses of information at lightning speed. In the 1970s, psychologist Paul Ekman and his colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco, developed a classification of 46 muscle movements that appear to account for the entire panoply of human facial expressions. The movements--or action units, as Ekman called them--range from the slight crow's-feet crinkling around the eyes that accompanies a smile to the contraction of forehead muscles that are an integral...
...there is an antithesis to an overnight success, then Hadid is it. She arrived on the architecture scene in 1983 when, at 33 (which is like seven in architecture years), she won a prestigious international competition to design a sports club on the Peak, the mountain in Hong Kong. The financing for that ambitious building fell through, but her drawings and the design--a dramatic cantilever jutting out of the mountain like a futuristic rock ledge--were wildly praised by the architectural fraternity...
...fire station, until 1994. That year she was engulfed in another tsunami of publicity when she won the international competition for the opera house in Cardiff, Wales. Almost as soon as her victory was announced, the controversy began. An outspoken Arabic woman proposing an intellectually demanding, uncompromising design in a Britain in which the future king publicly bemoaned the lack of pretty, traditional buildings was destined for a tough time. Slowly the promised funds for that project evanesced. But the seductive stylized drawings and paintings of her work, plus the fact that she was a female architect of consistent vision...
That's why the Cincinnati project was such a breakthrough for Hadid. First, most of the projected $23 million budget will be raised privately, so the design's fate won't be subject to the opinions of every person with a subscription to Architectural Digest. Second, Cincinnati's Art Center is no stranger to controversy. Remember the Robert Mapplethorpe exhibition in 1990? This is nothing. And last, Cincinnati, already home to a lot of smart architecture thanks to the University of Cincinnati, wants the building...
...Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn design Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for Linking different computer networks...