Word: detect
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...over 50; X-ray screening can cut the death rate in this group by 30%. But the benefits of mammography for younger women are less clear. One reason is that younger women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than older women, so there is simply less cancer to detect. In addition, young breast tissue is denser and more likely to conceal tumors from X rays than the more fatty tissue of older women...
...invaded the lymph nodes have a 90% chance of surviving at least five years. As the disease spreads, however, the odds of survival drop sharply. Thus cancer experts agree that a woman's best hope for a cure, whatever her age, lies in finding tumors early. Mammography can detect tumors as small as an eighth of an inch in diameter. By contrast, most cancers detected by patients themselves are at least half an inch in diameter, and have been growing for eight to ten years, says Dr. Ferris Hall of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. The larger the tumor...
...infallible. There is a 1% chance of a false-positive result -- a mistaken diagnosis of a tumor -- and the anxiety, expense and pain associated with a biopsy. A graver problem is the risk of a false negative: about 20% of the time the X rays fail to detect cancers, which may be picked up by physical exam. "Is mammography worth it?" asks Eddy. Some women, he notes, upon hearing that ten years of screening will save 22 lives "will say, '22 out of 10,000, well, that'll be me.' Others will say, 'Take half a day off work...
Because VHL victims usually do not show symptoms of the disorder until they are 20 to 50 years old, scientists are also developing a test that will detect the disease in children. Such a test would allow doctors to find and operate on tumors at an early stage, perhaps preventing blindness or paralysis, Seizinger said...
...detect brain activity during REM sleep in his laboratory at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Hobson uses electroencephalograms (EEG). He says measurements of the brain's electrical output, made by attaching electrodes to the head, show that the brain is almost 90 percent more active during REM sleep than at any other slumber time. The normal human passes through five distinct stages of sleep, with the REM stage following the lighter, first two stages. Sleep stages three and four--following REM chronologically--are deep sleep periods...