Word: deuterium
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...heavy as that of ordinary hydrogen. Not long afterward Dr. Urey and two associates concentrated enough of the isotope to identify it. He estimated that heavy hydrogen was present in ordinary hydrogen gas to the extent of about one part in 4,000. He named the new isotope deuterium...
Prima donna of chemistry, hydrogen is present in 300,000 known compounds. Deuterium promised to be a twin prima donna capable of producing 300,000 new compounds. Commonest hydrogen compound is hydrogen oxide-water. First and most obvious heavy hydrogen compound is deuterium oxide-heavy water. In fact this looks like ordinary water and is only 10 percent heavier...
...water. Dean of Chemistry Gilbert Newton Lewis of the University of California later devised a series of electrolyses to produce almost pure heavy water. At Princeton, Dr. Hugh S. Taylor made three ounces of heavy water whose density could not be increased by repeated refinements, concluded he had pure deuterium oxide. Meanwhile heavy water's first fabulous cost of $150 per gram (about $37,500 for a glassful) was tumbling. By his "cascade" process which Dr. Urey last week described, 38 grams of 92 percent pure heavy water was obtained in 72 hours at a cost...
...higher than in ordinary water) was found in the sap and wood of willow trees, in the Dead Sea, in Great Salt Lake. European experimenters dissolved sugar crystals in heavy water, recrystallized them by evaporation, found that the sugar molecules had discarded some ordinary hydrogen atoms, taken on deuterium atoms in their stead. When luminous bacteria of the kind that produce phosphorescence in the sea were placed in heavy water at Princeton, their output of light was dimmed because their oxygen consumption was slowed. Pathologists at Manhattan's Memorial Hospital hoped heavy water might prove fatal to cancer cells...
...British colleagues. A U. S. discoverer's right to name his own discovery had been challenged from abroad. Scientific relations between the two countries were described as "very tense." Professor Harold Clayton Urey* of Columbia University has baptized the isotope of heavy hydrogen he discovered two years ago deuterium (Greek deuteros, second). He wants deuteron or deuton to be the name of its atomic nucleus. Discussing the matter last December before the Royal Society, Lord Rutherford, head of Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory, said: "While we all realize that the first discoverer has a strong claim in suggesting...