Word: developable
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...McCall, as TXU's head of wholesale operations, says he needs a low-cost, reliable supply of electricity fast. Plans for nuclear facilities will take nearly a decade to develop. Coal is quicker. Using the company's new "lean academy" philosophy (based on Toyota's manufacturing system), TXU can build all 11 coal-fired plants, cookie-cutter style, with the first online in 2009. Coal gasification simply isn't in TXU's plans, primarily because of problems with the high moisture content of the cheaper Texas and Wyoming coal it buys. Waiting until the next decade, when new technologies...
...undo, the theory goes, the more successful the technique will be. In fact, there was good evidence to support this theory: In previous studies embryonic stem cells, which can generate all of the body's cell types, produced clones ten times more efficiently than adult stem cells, which can develop into only a restricted number of cell types. And when scientists had tried to clone fully differentiated cells, they had very little luck...
...made the counterintuitive decision to keep driver Kimi Raikkonen on the track. The ploy worked; Raikkonen won. But the decision wasn't made at trackside. It came from team leaders based at the McLaren Technology Centre in leafy Woking, south of London, who were using prediction software they've developed to help them make split-second tactical decisions in a sport where speed is king. All F1 teams have their own versions of software that analyze thousands of variables - from weather and road conditions to fuel levels and competitors' likely actions - and how they may interact to affect...
...years later, a team led by Pääbo announced that the human version of a gene called FOXP2, which plays a role in our ability to develop speech and language, evolved within the past 200,000 years--after anatomically modern humans first appeared. By comparing the protein coded by the human FOXP2 gene with the same protein in various great apes and in mice, they discovered that the amino-acid sequence that makes up the human variant differs from that of the chimp in just two locations out of a total of 715--an extraordinarily small change that...
...HAR1, turns out to be part of a gene that is active in fetal brain tissue only between the seventh and 19th weeks of gestation. Although the gene's precise function is unknown, that happens to be the period when a protein called reelin helps the human cerebral cortex develop its characteristic six-layer structure. What makes the team's research especially intriguing is that all but two of the HARs lie in those enigmatic functional noncoding regions of the genome, supporting the idea that much of the difference between species happens there...