Word: development
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...this astonishing biochemical system develop? The first stages in its evolution are a mystery. But scientists have deduced from the study of primitive species that rudimentary mechanisms against infection existed in various forms of life more than a billion years ago. The first inkling of such progenitors came in 1883, when Russian Zoologist Elie Metchnikoff stuck a rose thorn into the larva of a starfish and a short time later observed that the thorn had been completely surrounded by cells. The cells were phagocytes. "These little guys go back in evolution a very long way," says Carol Reinisch...
...miracle of cyclosporine comes at a steep price. The drug can cause severe damage to the kidneys as well as allow cancerous tumors to develop. Moreover, cyclosporine costs as much as $6,000 for a year's supply, and patients may need it for life. Still, declares Calvin Stiller, chief of transplantation at University Hospital in London, Ont., "cyclosporine clearly stands out as the most important medical discovery in transplantation. It changed the field...
Since the United States began drilling for petroleum, we have used 121 billion barrels. Today's technology can extract only about 27 billion more. If we develop more advanced extraction techniques, like recovering oil from shale, we can reach another 18-53 billion barrels...
Doctors have long suspected that the heart could heal itself even when damaged by a heart attack or during surgery -- if only there were a way to let it rest. For more than 20 years, researchers have been trying to develop implantable pumps that temporarily take over part of the heart's job. Some half a dozen such devices are now available, most of them experimental, bulky and requiring risky open-heart surgery. But at a medical conference last week in Reno, O. Howard Frazier, director of the transplant program at the Texas Heart Institute in Houston, described the first...
...being pushed not only by liberal Democrats but also by Senator Orrin Hatch, a Utah Republican who normally cannot be found within miles of any proposal to increase social spending. Most surprising, the Reagan Administration, after seven years of virtually ignoring the problem, is now pulling itself together to develop some sort of pro-child-care position...