Word: diagraming
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Angeles-Strategic Air Command's Vandenberg Air Force Base. The West Coast missile complex is designed to take up where Cape Canaveral leaves off; i.e., primarily to shoot operational missiles and train crews to handle them. One Western advantage : satellites can be flung thence into polar orbits (see diagram) without hazard to populated areas...
...belt, Scientist Van Allen told the American Physical Society at Chicago, seems to be a great doughnut made chiefly of fast-moving electrons and protons circulating around the earth on both sides of its magnetic equator (see diagram). Only the lower parts have been observed with any accuracy. The upper limits are deduced from knowledge of the magnetic field. The Air Force's Pioneer, soaring far past the 1,400-mile level reached by the Explorers, confirmed "tentatively and partially" that the lethal radiation drops off sharply around 7,000 miles...
...Allen did not say so, but his diagram points out clearly that a cone-shaped area over the magnetic poles is almost radiation-free. Obvious conclusion: the space ports of the future may have to be in far northern Canada or Antarctica, where men can soar into space through the escape zones over the magnetic poles, thus eluding the lethal hazards of the Van Allen belt...
Since the air is too thin 100 miles up for any aerodynamic controls to be effective, the X-15 has an independent system of ballistic controls that need no air. In the nose are four pairs of small jets pointing up, down, left and right (see diagram). When the pilot wants to depress the nose of his craft in near-airless space, he will shoot superheated steam (produced by catalyzed hydrogen peroxide) through the upward-pointing jets. The reaction will push the nose downward. Similar jets in the wingtips will keep the wings level or make the ship bank...
...when all long-range missiles will lurk beneath the earth, invisible and well-nigh invulnerable to enemy attack. The sunken silo at Vandenberg is only one part of a subterranean complex under construction as Titan's first "hard base." Adjoining the missile tank are other sunken cylinders (see diagram), housing air-conditioning and hydraulic equipment, a power station, liquid oxygen and fuel tanks, and a command control center for the launch crew. Tunnels connect the widely dispersed elements, but after the alert, only the control center will be occupied. Remotely controlled, the monster, fueled and armed, will rise majestically...