Word: diagramming
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...have remained forever in perpetual deep freeze if not for a hid den weakness of the Antarctic icecap. As the ice spread out over the southern ocean, colder ice came in contact once more with the rock below it, freezing the slippery water layer between ice and rock (see diagram). This was the turning point. Held fast to the rock, the ice stopped moving. The ice shelf was nibbled away by the ocean, and the earth could capture more of the sun's heat. The earth's temperature rose again, and the glaciers retreated...
...1880s that man can get along, after a fashion, with only a remnant of his stomach. German-born Surgeon Theodor Billroth then decided it was possible to cut out the lower stomach and pylorus and join what was left of the stomach to the duodenum (see top diagram). After this "subtotal gastrectomy," or "Billroth I," came a still more daring invention, "hemigastrectomy," or "Billroth II": cutting out about half of the stomach and hitching up what was left to the small bowel, leaving the duodenum dead-ended and dangling (second diagram...
...vagus nerves would cut down the acid output. His operation, "vagotomy," is not as simple as it sounds: surgeons often have difficulty finding and cutting all the nerve fibers in the bunch. And by itself, vagotomy is not consistently effective. So vagotomy has been combined with hemigastrectomy (second diagram), and also with the older operation of gastroenterostomy (third diagram), in which nothing is cut out but the stomach is opened directly into the small bowel...
...latest advance in ulcer surgery is still simpler, less mutilating, and therefore "more elegant" by Dr. Moore's definition. This consists of "pyloroplasty," or widening the gate valve between stomach and duodenum by slitting its muscular ring, or "sphincter" (fourth diagram). The tissue is stretched, then the slit is closed at right angles. Such operations (there are several variants) had been around since 1886, but not until 1947 did Dr. Joseph Weinberg of the Long Beach (Calif.) VA Hospital try the promising combination of vagotomy and pyloroplasty. A vagotomy by itself tends to make the stomach flaccid so that...
...Congrès to try to reach agreement on Common Market farm policies and prices by year's end-or face the threat of Charles de Gaulle to break up the Market. So intricate did their discussions become that the question was who needed the most blackboards to diagram his proposals. At week's end delegates seemed satisfied that important progress had been made. Said Belgian Foreign Minister Paul-Henri Spaak gamely: "There will be no breakup of the Common Market...