Word: diagramming
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Britain, several wave-power machines are under development, of which "contouring rafts" are one of the most promising. Three rafts (see diagram) are hinged together by cylinders containing pistons; the flexing of the hinges in the waves forces the pistons to pump water, turning turbines that produce electricity. A small prototype string of rafts in the English Channel now produces a mere 1 kw., but its designer, Sir Christopher Cockerell, who also invented the Hovercraft, says that a cluster of 300 larger rafts could generate as much energy as a big conventional power station...
...draws a diagram to illustrate his points. On one side is narrative content, and on the other cinematic technique. In the center is the integration: art to convey a message. He places Annie Hall on the narrative content side (he considers the film cinematically inept), and Jaws on the side of good cinematic technique with trivial content. Neither bridges the gap the way Welles' Touch of Evil, superficially seen as a lurid melodrama, does, creating a broader cinematic metaphor. He gives Annie Hall a grade of B-, Jaws a D. So much for my favorite films...
Microwave landing systems are already used by the military, and will eventually replace the narrow-beam instrument landing devices employed at commercial airports with ones that provide a much larger and more flexible landing approach area (see diagram). Planes under instrument landing control are now brought through the approach area to the runway one at a time in a long single file, like a string of elephants entering a circus arena. The MLS lets planes head into what is, in effect, a huge electronic funnel whose gaping mouth is 80° wide and 20° high (the ILS glide path...
...16th century sources in mannerist engravings (Blake never crossed the channel, and so had to depend on prints for his contact with Michelangelo). His famous Glad Day, showing Albion, the spirit of resurgent England, in mid-dance with his arms flung ecstatically wide, was based on a mediocre diagram of Vitruvian man in an old treatise on proportion; it transcends its source as Macbeth transcends Holinshed...
...simplest and most common combination of the gates is the half-adder, which is designed to add two Is, a 1 and a 0, or two 0s (see diagram). If other half-adders are linked to the circuit, producing a series of what computer designers call full adders, the additions can be carried over to other columns for tallying up ever higher numbers. Indeed, by using only addition, the computer can perform the three other arithmetic functions. Multiplication is often accomplished by repeated additions, division by repeated subtractions. Subtraction, on the other hand, can be done by an old trick...