Word: diagrams
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...accompanying diagram consider a point constrained to move along the surface subject to the value of both variables. A change in either control factor from (a) to (b), (a) to (c) or (b) to (e) produce only a continuous change in behavior, represented by a gradual rise or fall along the vertical axis. An increase in factor 2 from (c) to (d), however, results in a sudden drop to (a) on the surface below, once the point crossed the edge of the fold at (d). This dramatic plunge is a catastrophe and signifies a discontinuous "jump" in behavior from...
Prices can fluctuate widely for the same product or service in different communities. In fact, as indicated in the accompanying diagram of some 22 consumer items in Atlanta, a city chosen by TIME because it closely parallels national price trends, a large number of goods and services have risen far more than 100% since 1967, while others have gone up much less. Only one item-long-distance phone calls-has declined. (In many cities, of course, the cost of person-to-person and collect calls has risen substantially...
...Britain, several wave-power machines are under development, of which "contouring rafts" are one of the most promising. Three rafts (see diagram) are hinged together by cylinders containing pistons; the flexing of the hinges in the waves forces the pistons to pump water, turning turbines that produce electricity. A small prototype string of rafts in the English Channel now produces a mere 1 kw., but its designer, Sir Christopher Cockerell, who also invented the Hovercraft, says that a cluster of 300 larger rafts could generate as much energy as a big conventional power station...
...draws a diagram to illustrate his points. On one side is narrative content, and on the other cinematic technique. In the center is the integration: art to convey a message. He places Annie Hall on the narrative content side (he considers the film cinematically inept), and Jaws on the side of good cinematic technique with trivial content. Neither bridges the gap the way Welles' Touch of Evil, superficially seen as a lurid melodrama, does, creating a broader cinematic metaphor. He gives Annie Hall a grade of B-, Jaws a D. So much for my favorite films...
Microwave landing systems are already used by the military, and will eventually replace the narrow-beam instrument landing devices employed at commercial airports with ones that provide a much larger and more flexible landing approach area (see diagram). Planes under instrument landing control are now brought through the approach area to the runway one at a time in a long single file, like a string of elephants entering a circus arena. The MLS lets planes head into what is, in effect, a huge electronic funnel whose gaping mouth is 80° wide and 20° high (the ILS glide path...