Word: dictatorship
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...China's biggest demonstrations since the Communist revolution in 1949. As the nation's top leaders filed into the Great Hall for Hu's memorial service behind a wall of 8,000 Chinese troops, the protesters waved their fists and chanted, "Long live freedom!" and "Down with dictatorship!" Some of the leaders seemed to stop momentarily to listen to the shouts. In Xian, to the northwest, the demonstrations turned into a riot as students burned 20 houses and injured some 130 police; 18 protesters were arrested...
...demonstrations had been growing in intensity through the week, spreading quickly from Beijing to at least six other cities, including Nanjing, Shanghai and Tianjin. Always the rallying cry was for political reform. "The Chinese government proclaims that democracy is here, but China still has dictatorship," said a demonstrator dressed in jeans and running shoes...
...modern France's cataclysmic birth, but nearly four months into the celebration the French seem as much cleaved as healed by the occasion. For if the revolution sprang from the idealism of the Enlightenment, promising liberty and equality, it soon deteriorated into a bloodbath that led to a dictatorship. Ever since, lurching wildly through two empires, two royal restorations and five republics, democratic France has tried to bridge the contradictions posed by its brutal beginning. Even today, when the left-right dialectic of French politics has softened under a socialist government leaning toward the center, the bicentennial has abraded...
...been dominated by a Marxist school that celebrated the French Revolution and its class struggles as the mother of the Bolshevik Revolution. Regicide was the only way to crush the power of the privileged, and the Terror, like Stalin's purges, was a necessary transition to an eventual dictatorship of the proletariat. Many French have thought of themselves as different from other Europeans because they broke so violently with their past and started fresh...
...Ogonyok's stories on the crimes of Stalin and modern corruption originated. That is how we examine such things as the decline of the Bolshoi Ballet, the rise of nonparty organizations in the Baltic republics, the problems of the poor and attempts to use anti-Semitism to restore a dictatorship of fear...