Word: dictatorship
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...colonels, radical rightists and Marcos loyalists intermittently mounted coups against her, Aquino was forced to depend on military men like Ramos and De Villa to make sure that the armed forces did not entirely turn on her. Unfortunately, the management policies of these top officers were forged during the dictatorship, when promotions were decided almost wholly on the basis of political loyalty rather than talent. The top ranks continued to be filled by officers who owed fealty to the Ramos-De Villa clique -- and only by extension to Aquino...
...fact, most stood by Aquino, including Senate President Jovito Salonga, who has been critical of her policies. "It took so many years and so much sacrifice to get rid of the dictatorship," said Salonga. "We must protect this democracy despite all its faults and weaknesses...
...meantime, with its borders open to the West, the G.D.R.'s sense of self and of self-confidence may actually be strengthened, but only if democratization and liberalization move apace, if the Communist dictatorship is dismantled, and if the people can partake of the freedoms enjoyed by their countrymen on the other side...
...alternative is Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, widow of the venerated Pedro Joaquin Chamorro Cardenal, the La Prensa newspaper publisher whose assassination by the right-wing Somoza dictatorship in 1978 touched off the uprising that led to the Sandinistas' elevation to power. Since winning the nomination of the United Nicaraguan Opposition (U.N.O.) coalition last September, she has managed to improve on a thoroughly inept start. But her campaign still lacks both substance and imagination. Dona Violeta does not discuss issues. She appears. She smiles. She presses flesh. She departs. Her stump speeches are long on teary references to her late husband...
Gregory Rabassa, the eminent translator and authority on Spanish literature, says Cela "kept the Spanish novel alive during those awful years." That period, of course, encompasses the Spanish Civil War and the wrenching adjustments afterward to the Franco dictatorship. Cela, raised in Madrid by his Spanish father and English mother, was a university student in 1936 when the war erupted. He joined what readers of Hemingway or Orwell will recognize as the wrong side, taking up arms with Franco against the Republic. He continued his education in conflict, hearing the oxymoronic battle cry of some of his fellow soldiers: Viva...