Word: dieting
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Basil Rifkind, project director of the study, believes that research "strongly indicates that the more you lower cholesterol and fat in your diet, the more you reduce your risk of heart disease...
...doctors informed Ford that his cholesterol levels were dangerously high; by April he required a quadruple coronary bypass operation. He emerged from the hospital determined to revise his ways radically. Today he does not smoke, he exercises four or five days a week, and he sticks scrupulously to a diet high in fiber and low in cholesterol and fat. "I haven't had a slice of bacon in three years," he says. He is proud and relieved that his cholesterol level is normal. "Maybe heart disease is God's way of telling us we're living...
...make matters more complicated, an individual's susceptibility to these factors depends on inherited traits. Thus, while a fatty diet and smoking may mean early death for one man, another can puff away, gorge on steaks and banana splits and still live to a ripe...
Doctors first became suspicious about cholesterol, particularly the cholesterol in diet, when they looked inside the diseased arteries of heart attack victims. There, instead of smooth, supple vessels, they saw what looked like brittle, old pipes, clogged and hardened by deposits of cholesterol-the condition now known as atherosclerosis. In 1913, Russian Pathologist Nikolai Anitschkow showed that he could produce similar deposits, or plaques, in the arteries of rabbits just by feeding them a diet rich in cholesterol. Subsequent research further supported the connection between diet and cardio-vascular disease. Epidemiologist Ancel Keys conducted a landmark study in seven nations...
...drug that was mixed with orange juice and taken six times a day. One participant likened taking it to swallowing "orange-flavored sand." Among its side effects: constipation, bloating, nausea and gas. The other half received a similarly gritty placebo. Researchers had decided to use a drug rather than diet to lower cholesterol, because it would have been virtually impossible to control or measure the diet of so many men over so long a period. By the end of the study, the cholestyramine group had achieved an average cholesterol level 8.5% lower than that of the control group...