Word: digitization
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Historically, double-digit multiplication has been a tough skill for students to learn--performance has been low and the literature, extending from the 1920s until now, is full of the many gross errors that students have made with it. For instance, the average 1977 scores from the California Achievement Test are not far from those of the Massachusetts students...
Multiplying 256 and 98 is a difficult example of 2-digit by 3-digit multiplication. Multiplying by 8 and 9 is tougher for kids, partially because of the "carried" amount that must be added in; to get the answer correct a child has to carry out 6 multiplications and 4 additions in producing the two partial products. In this case the addition of the partial products is simple, but typically there are 3 more additions to be performed...
Booker lives in Brick Towers, one of the largest low-income housing complexes in Newark, N.J. When he graduated from law school in 1997, instead of taking a job with a six-digit salary, Booker successfully ran for city councilman in a place that has perhaps the gloomiest reputation on the East Coast. Newark for years has ranked among the worst cities in the country for violent crime and poverty. And yet, Booker says with a straight face, "this city is the land of milk and honey"--only minutes from the wealth and culture of New York City. "The tragedy...
...quarantine on Tuesday, then had modest workouts at Churchill. Most handicappers have dismissed the mysterious men from the East, but China Visit's eye-catching win in the March 25 UAE Derby (where he returned $38 for a $2 ticket) has longshot-happy railbirds thinking of a triple-digit payout...
Math education reformers have a prescription for raising the mathematical knowledge of schoolchildren. Do not teach the standard algorithms of arithmetic, such as long addition and multiplication, they say; let the children find their own methods for adding and multiplying two-digit numbers, and for larger numbers, let them use calculators. One determined reformer puts it decisively: "It's time to acknowledge that continuing to teach these skills (i.e., pencil-and-paper computational algorithms) to our students is not only unnecessary, but counterproductive and downright dangerous...