Word: directed
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...embassy in a brief conversation. Between any other two men in the room, the encounter would have gone unnoticed. But as Stoessel and the interpreter chatted, other diplomats in the room looked on in surprise. For the first time in nearly two years, American and Chinese representatives had established direct contact...
...part, the Administration made the gesture of easing U.S. restrictions on trade with China. For the first time since the Communists won control of the mainland in 1949, U.S. businessmen may engage in nonstrategic trade with China. Though the ban on direct commercial import of Chinese goods remains, U.S. firms are free to buy Chinese products, and sell their own to China, through foreign-based subsidiaries or through intermediaries in other countries. U.S. citizens abroad will be able to bring back unlimited quantities of Chinese-made items, which will be subject only to normal tourist duties...
...already ruled unconstitutional. HEW civil rights lawyers pointed out that if the original Whitten amendment passed, the Administration would have little choice but to denounce it as such, or to institute a quick court test to underline the point. Either way, the Administration would have been forced into taking direct actions repugnant to the South, countermanding the Congress and endangering future HEW appropriations...
...Supreme Court allowed states to finance bussing for parochial-school students; in 1968, it approved free textbooks for secular courses. More direct state aid seemed impermissible. Then came the Pennsylvania Education Act of 1968, the first of its kind in the U.S. That remarkable law allows the state to pay parochial schools the "actual cost" of teachers' salaries, textbooks and teaching aids in four secular fields: mathematics, modern foreign languages, physical sciences and physical education. The state pays the bill ($4,000,000 last year) solely through its income from horse and harness racing...
...demeaning and generally ineffective welfare system. The Nixon Administration this year asked Congress to provide a minimum income for every American, though not quite in the way that he advocates. Friedman would abolish most other types of aid to the poor and substitute the income guarantee. It would provide direct cash grants that poverty-level families could spend any way they pleased. He argues that most current programs to help the poor either wind up aiding the better-off instead or place humiliating restrictions on what the poor can do with the money they...