Word: directing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...distinguish two kinds of processes by which children acquire attitudes, values, and patterns of social behavior. First, there is learning that occurs on the basis of direct tuition or instrumental training. In this form of learning, parents and other socializing agents are relatively explicit about what they wish the child to learn and attempt to shape his behavior through rewarding and punishing consequences...
Although a certain amount of socialization of a child takes place through direct training, research bearing on modeling processes demonstrates that, unlike the relatively slow process of instrumental training, when a model is provided, patterns of behavior are rapidly acquired in large segements or in their entirety...
...been widely assumed on the basis of psychoanalytic theory and other hydraulic energy models of personality that children's vicarious participation in film-mediated aggression or the direct expression of aggressive behavior will serve to discharge "pentup energies" and effects. Guided by this catharsis hypothesis, many parents, educators, and mental health workers encourage hyperaggressive children to participate in aggressive recreational actavities, to view highly aggressive televised programs, and to aggress in psychotherapeutic play-rooms and other permissive settings...
This suppression of the news and these beatings were in direct violation of police orders, but they happened. And none of the newsmen we talked to had ever seen anything to match it in any other city in this country...
...This direct affront to their city was probably enough to anger most proud Chicagoans. Policemen and viewers, however, were upset by the alleged lack of objectivity in reports like Perkins'. From them arose the charges of slanting the news. Mayor Daley claimed the media had been unfair by not giving the taunting, obscenity-shouting protesters equal time in their coverage. Television, he charged, had shown only his policemen's reaction, and not the provocations they were reacting...