Word: directing
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...most managers are still card-carrying party members. Even so, there is always a party secretary to enforce Communist discipline. Before Deng's reforms, there was no question that the Communist secretary dominated, even if he was functionally illiterate in basic business precepts. Since 1984, though, Beijing has directed that party secretaries leave operations to the factories' designated managers -- a direct slap at Leninist ideology, which holds that since the party is the only body capable of enforcing the will of the workers, factories must be under party control...
...weapons allegedly used by death squads. Yet despite President Virgilio Barco Vargas' determination to continue his crusade against the Extraditables, the monthlong counterattack by the cartel has begun to take its toll. Weary of the violence, Colombians from all sectors of society are calling for a truce and a direct dialogue between the government and the drug barons. Former President Alfonso Lopez Michelson says Colombia will have to "eventually sit down and talk things out with all the forces of destabilization in the country...
...some cases, the casinos' impact on the lives of Atlantic City residents has been direct and enormous. Redenia Gilliam-Mosee, 41, is vice president of a casino in a city where she once worked as a chambermaid. She had been moving up and away from her childhood in the Inlet, earning a Ph.D. in urban planning at Rutgers University, when Bally's Park Place Casino tapped her for the job. Now she has transformed the row house where she grew up into a modern testament to her faith in the neighborhood. Her picture hangs inside Dave's Groceries nearby...
That political triumph has been tempered by the fact that those same cities are often plagued by crime, drugs and deteriorating schools. Black mayors have had much success in fostering the growth of a black middle class, dispensing thousands of city jobs and using minority set-aside programs to direct a portion of city contracts toward black-owned businesses. Unfortunately, they have fared no better than their white counterparts in solving the intractable problems of the growing black underclass...
West Bank leaders and the Palestine Liberation Organization were debating whether Mubarak's deliberate omission of any reference to an eventual Palestinian state was too much of a sop to Israeli sensibilities to warrant acceptance. They are also concerned because the P.L.O. is excluded from direct participation. For their part, four senior Cabinet officials could not even agree whether to acknowledge the Egyptian proposal, since doing so would in effect admit that the Shamir plan had been supplanted. Insisting his own initiative must be answered first, Shamir's dour response to Egypt: You agree to the principles of our plan...