Word: directs
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Until this year, one of the most effective lobbies, the National Rifle Association, did not consider it necessary to admit that it was any such thing. Powerful individual lobbyists like Lawyers Clark Clifford, Thomas G. Corcoran and Abe Fortas in his precourt days earn their high fees by dealing directly with important friends. A phone call is often all that is needed. During the Truman era, James V. Hunt was able to do wonders for aspiring Government contractors by calling his friend General Harry Vaughan, Truman's military aide. Though no evidence of a direct payoff was uncovered, Vaughan...
...security is in a way nearly as unrealistic as the Arabs' demand that Israel give up the occupied lands for nothing. Justifying her country's demand for face-to-face negotiations, Premier Meir last week declared that "when the Arab representatives overcome their reluctance and reach the stage of direct negotiations, the transformation will be so profound that they themselves and their people will come to realize how many are the advantages that they and not only Israel can derive from peace...
Research money does not require a single direct authorization from Congress. It comes instead from more than a score of different agencies, which budget research and development funds for long-range goals, then distribute the funds on a project-by-project basis to whoever can do the job best. In 1968, the federal government was obliged to spend $17 billion on research and development--an eighth of the total federal budget. Only 9 per cent (or 13 per cent if university-run federal contract research laboratories are included) of this research money went to universities. The bulk...
...SECOND route, the scholarship route, is a new one. Congress is in direct control of funds that go to universities this way. Debates on education bills are usually lengthy and appropriations extend over three or four years. The Office of Education administers programs under these general education bills. In 1968, the agency was authorized to distribute $4714 million under the extended 1963 Facilities Act, $397 million under NDEA, and $427 million under the 1965 Higher Education Act extended...
...government is interested in buying a product from universities--research. It is not "aiding" higher education; the Congress "aids" it through NDEA and the Higher Education Act. The permanent government is relatively insulated from external political pressure; Congress is not insulated at all. In an examination of instances of direct federal control over higher education through the weight of funding (the NDEA oath, for example) we find that it has been Congress, not he permanent government, that has been involved--even though the Congressional share of total support is very small. The permanent government has consistently opposed Congress in these...