Word: directs
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Science Action Coordinating Committee deserves more emphasis than it has so far received. The group has suggested that all federal research funds for pure science be disbursed through civilian agencies rather than through the armed services. The Defense Department would then control only those projects with a "direct relation to military necessity...
...issue of financing research contracts is not simply a question of whether tacit pressure exists to divert pure research to military applications, but whether military agencies are best qualified to direct the vast bulk of government research and thus the direction of science's long-range development. the government should realize that some research is necessary for any modern corporate entity to thrive, and that pure science is justifiable on its own merits and not as a mere prop for military development or international competition...
These were the issues SDS raised in its protest against ROTC. Harvard's established groups--HUC, HPC, SFAC, and the CEP--attempted to anticipate and re-direct the ROTC discussion along apolitical lines. Their resolutions spoke of the sanctity of the ivory tower and the need to stiffen up ROTC's academic face. They succeeded in defusing the discussion of ROTC in official channels. The eventual Faculty debate centered on the academic qualifications of the Training Corps and the nature of the University, not ROTC's role in sustaining U.S. imperialism...
Even before Kennedy set that goal, NASA scientists, aerospace companies and independent research laboratories were locked in an often bitter debate over the most practical method of making a manned lunar landing. Top NASA officials, most of them trained in airplane development, had generally sided with a direct approach. They wanted a craft that could take off from earth, fly to a lunar landing and return to the earth...
...proposals presented nearly insuperable difficulties. For direct ascent from earth to moon, a giant, 12-million-lb.-thrust rocket would be needed-and there were strong doubts that such a monster could be designed, built and tested before the end of the decade. For Von Braun's earth-orbital scheme, a minimum of two expensive Saturn 5 launches would be needed. Both plans called for the expenditure of as much as 100,000 lbs. of fuel merely to settle a spacecraft from 80 ft. to 100 ft. tall gently on the lunar surface. The JPL idea, while permitting...