Word: directs
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...George Q. Daley, a member of the executive committee of HSCI not involved in the research, said that several HSCI laboratories—including his own team, whose work was published earlier this month—have already pioneered the direct reprogramming of adult cells back to an embryonic state...
...Unlike the technique used to create induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by genetically manipulating a patient's cells and reprogramming them into a pluripotent state before morphing into a different type of body tissue, direct reprogramming simply flips an adult cell directly into the desired form, skipping the middle steps...
...Reprogramming blood or skin cells back to a pluripotent state before coaxing them into the final form takes weeks of repeated cell division, while with direct reprogramming, the cell identity transformation occurs very quickly—20 percent of cells are fully converted within three days...
...Despite the relative efficiency of this approach, both Melton and Daley stressed that direct reprogramming does not eliminate the need to continue work with iPS cells or human embryonic stem cells...
...Melton added that direct reprogramming is simply another way of approaching the same problem scientists face in regenerative medicine—how to make cells to replace lost or deficient ones...