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...that it allows doctors to take many key events in reproduction out of the body, where they are subject to the vagaries of human biology, and perform them in vitro, "in glass." By removing mature eggs from the ovaries, mixing them with sperm in a Petri dish and reintroducing the resulting embryos directly into the uterus, doctors can bypass most of the important barriers to fertility, from low sperm counts to nonfunctioning Fallopian tubes...
...University of Texas at San Antonio. Asch was trying to find a simpler way to do IVF, one that would not require the skills of an embryologist, when he hit upon the procedure he called gamete intra-Fallopian transfer, or GIFT. Rather than attempting fertilization in a Petri dish, he simply loaded the sperm and eggs (known to biologists as gametes) into a fine pipette and inserted them into the Fallopian tube, where he hoped they would take care of business by themselves. Not only did they fertilize, but they implanted as well -- at a much higher rate than...
...that has been pretty roughly treated, first by various hormone treatments, then by the egg-retrieval procedure. In GIFT, by contrast, the embryo drifts quietly into the uterus, much as it would naturally. To further improve the success rates, Asch's researchers tried fertilizing the egg in a lab dish and then placing the pre-embryo, or zygote, directly into the Fallopian tube -- a procedure known as ZIFT (zygote intra- Fallopian transfer...
...later use, but not eggs, which quickly lose their viability when manipulated outside the body. But Dr. Kwang Yul Cha, an endocrinologist at Cha Women's Hospital in Seoul, reports that his team has produced two pregnancies from eggs matured not in an ovary but in a Petri dish -- a major step in the eventual perfection of egg freezing. Many scientists expect that the procedure will be available within the next few years...
...option. Or roll out and hit receivers downfield. Or dish off to a back. Or scramble for yards. Or drop back into the pocket and go long...