Word: dna
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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With Hwang's scientific credibility in shambles, the status of the world's most famous dog hangs in the balance. The embattled scientist maintains that Snuppy is the world's first canine clone, and he even hired an independent Korean DNA lab, HumanPass Inc., to verify that assertion. The verdict: HumanPass CEO Seung Jae Rhee told TIME last week, "There is no dispute about these results, and so I am 100% certain on Snuppy's authenticity." But since HumanPass is in essence working for Hwang, that's hardly good enough for the investigative panel at Seoul National University, which...
...really was cloned from the ear cell of a 3-year-old male Afghan named Tai, it shouldn't be tough to prove, even to those outside investigators. As long as they have tissue samples from both the clone and the parent, they should be able to determine whether DNA in the nuclei of both animals' cells is identical--the first hallmark of a true clone. Ian Wilmut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly the sheep in 1996, had to provide such samples to prove to skeptics that he had created history's first mammalian clone...
This plug-and-play approach borrows from gene therapy, in which tiny pieces of DNA are delivered directly to circulating immune cells in the bloodstream. The DNA packets are painted onto tiny gold pellets (an ideal delivery medium) and shot into the body at supersonic speeds with the press of a button on a gene gun. "In the event of a pandemic, you don't need health-care workers to deliver this vaccine," says Clive Dix, PowderMed CEO. "You could train people in 10 minutes." Early safety studies showed promising results, and PowderMed hopes to continue testing its vaccine against...
...METHOD: EGG CULTURE Virus is purified and chemically killed to produce the vaccine Virus --> Virus is grown in fertilized chicken eggs --> Vaccine NEW METHOD: HUMAN-CELL CULTURE Virus is killed and processed to produce the vaccine Virus --> Cell --> Virus is grown in human-cell culture --> Vaccine GENETIC METHOD: DNA VACCINES Plasmid is manufactured, purified and painted onto gold particles Virus --> Viral RNA --> Microscopic gold particles --> Gene gun shoots particles into the skin
...same time, Korea's vibrant Internet culture started buzzing with allegations by two anonymous posters that photos in the 2005 paper purported to be of different stem-cell cultures were in fact identical, and that DNA fingerprints used to prove that the stem cells were derived from clones seemed suspicious. In retrospect, says Dr. Katrina Kelner, a deputy editor at Science, "these looked too clean" to be legitimate...