Word: dna
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...just stopgap solutions, since a full-fledged flu pandemic would kill millions of people before the vats made enough vaccine to meet demand. Ultimately, vaccine makers may need to go straight to the source: the flu virus' genetic code. By extracting snippets of viral RNA and transforming them into DNA strands, scientists can in theory create a template for antibodies that can ward off flu. Researchers at PowderMed in Oxford, England, have created a DNA cassette into which they can insert genes from whatever flu virus is going around and, they say, have a vaccine ready in less than three...
...different types, but the only such theory in science. Like any scientific theory, it can't explain how every aspect of every organism came to be, but each time scientists find new evidence-fossils of dinosaurs bearing feathers; fossils of the mammals whose descendants are whales; the molecular structure DNA that carries traits from one generation to the next; the mutations that can alter DNA to introduce new traits-the case for Darwin's theory has gotten stronger...
...from 11 cloned human embryos-an unprecedented feat. Though controversial, Hwang's research was hailed as a breakthrough because it appeared to move scientists a step closer to being able to treat a variety of afflictions, from spinal-cord injuries to Alzheimer's, by using a patient's own dna to grow perfectly matched tissue to restore defective or damaged organs...
...donor scandal, Hwang provided MBC-TV with samples from five stem cell lines, and cells from their donors, in an effort to prove their authenticity. It's not clear where these stem cells were stored. Hwang said he and his colleagues performed their own in-house test, including DNA fingerprinting to verify the source of the stem cells. It was then that he discovered that the fingerprints did not match those printed in Science. "We learned that the stem cells were actually made in Mizmedi," he said, and therefore were not, in fact, the stem cells Hwang had created from...
...team is thawing five frozen stem cell lines and conducting DNA analysis to verify that he was indeed successful in using cloning techniques to extract stem cells from patients with diseases; those results will be available in 10 days. After that, Hwang will have either answered his critics or he'll have even more questions to face...