Word: dogmas
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...whole thing is simply a political payoff to the Socialists, who are not in the government but whose 88 votes in Parliament Fanfani needs to keep his coalition in office. The Socialists demanded nationalized power because it is part of their political dogma and because Pietro Nenni wants to prove to his own left wing and to the Communists that he is not being taken into camp by the bourgeoisie. Meanwhile. the things that Italy really needs -schools, roads, tax reform - remain vague promises...
...EPISCOPAL INFALLIBILITY. The major achievement of Vatican I was the dogma that the Pope, speaking to the church ex cathedra on matters of faith and morals, is infallible. The council, which broke up at the onset of the Franco-Prussian war, never got around to defining a related issue on its agenda: how other bishops of the church, as descendants of the apostles, share in this infallibility. To put the dogma of papal infallibility in proper perspective, Vatican II may formulate the traditional Catholic belief that when bishops in their dioceses speak out on a matter of faith and morals...
...DOGMA. Mexican and Canadian bishops are believed to be ready to lobby for a dogma of the church-that Mary the mother of Christ is the mediatrix of all God's grace to man. But a majority of the prelates seem sure that such a doctrine is not "mature" in the mind of the church. Besides, notes one associate of the Pope, "It is not necessary to propose new doctrines which might disturb Protestants and Eastern Christians. We say 'Jesus, Mary and Joseph,' and people think this is some sort of Catholic trinity. This does not presume...
Calhoun picked up the doctrine 30 years later and turned it into the general Southern dogma known as "nullification." Nullification led to secession, and to the Civil War which "finally exterminated the doctrine's arguable validity," according to McCloskey...
Five years later, Pius convened the first Vatican Council. Although a preparatory commission drew up a long list of topics, only two major decisions were reached: a definition of the fundamentals of faith and the dogma that the Pope, speaking for the church on faith and morals, is infallible. On October 20, 1870, the Council adjourned. King Victor Emmanuel's troops invaded Rome and forcibly incorporated the 1,116-year-old papal dominions into the new Kingdom of Italy...