Word: dose
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...research was done on rats that had been injected intravenously with a small dose of nicotine, about as much as a smoker receives from a single drag on a cigarette. The team, led by Gaetano di Chiara, a neuroscientist at the University of Cagliari, then monitored the biochemical changes that occurred in the nucleus accumbens, an area of the brain that appears to control the process of addiction...
Eight out of 10 american women of childbearing age have taken the Pill to prevent pregnancy, yet most are unaware that the oral contraceptive has another use. In a somewhat higher dose, it can serve as a "morning after" drug to avoid pregnancy after unprotected...
...cause side effects. Even by themselves they can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps or anemia. Some of the drugs have to be taken on an empty stomach, others on a full stomach, so it can be hard to stick to a regimen. Yet if patients skip even a single dose of any one drug, the HIV could press this small advantage to mutate into a strain that resists all current medicines. Nor is everyone so sure that a cure is in sight. "Virologists have started using that word," says Dr. Donald Abrams of the University of California, San Francisco...
Would these latest promising treatments have been developed without animal research? Absolutely not, say AIDS researchers. Among other things, such studies help doctors determine what constitutes a safe dose of a drug before trying it out on people. The studies can also help physicians fine-tune treatments. After doctors determined that AZT could block the transmission of HIV to the fetus in some pregnant women, researchers wondered if they could make the therapy more effective. They decided to start by studying how a similar virus is transmitted from pregnant monkeys to their offspring. But animal-rights activists halted that experiment...
...sale without a prescription, hoping that more smokers will be induced to quit. Smokers have long called for the approval of nonprescription patches, which send more nicotine through the blood stream than the nicotine gum already available over the counter. The FDA's approval of McNeil Consumer Products' one-dose nicotine patch, Nicotrol, will give the company a marked edge over the competition by allowing its product -->