Word: dosing
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Right from the start of the first field tests, doctors and parents alike were troubled by the new measles vaccines. A single dose of the attenuated (weakened but live) virus vaccine produced nearly 100% immunity to the disease and its possibly serious aftereffects, but it also caused fevers and rashes all too similar to symptoms of the natural disease. The killed virus vaccine was almost reactionfree, but it might not provide as long-lasting immunity as the live virus. Even with a double inoculation-a shot of live virus in one arm, a shot of gamma globulin containing measles antibody...
...year study among 601 children, Dr. Samuel Karelitz and a medical team at Long Island Jewish Hospital have reported in the A.M.A. Journal on "simple, safe and effective" alternatives using both vaccines. The doctors found that the killed virus provides 100% immunity if given in three monthly doses. It can also be used to stimulate the formation of protective antibody before a child gets a shot of the more potent live virus. In either case, side effects are slight and infrequent. The investigators gave the live virus vaccine to 296 children who had already had one dose of the killed...
...made originally for Linda Collins of Turlock, Calif., who was so hypersensitive to tetanus antitoxin serum that the tiny amount used in a scratch test* after she cut her finger one day in 1956 made her collapse in convulsions. Her father, Surgeon Marion Collins, figured that a full dose of antitoxin would have killed Linda; he decided that for future protection his daughter should wear a dog tag proclaiming her allergy. Linda talked him into making the tag into a silver bracelet...
...standard safety precaution before a regular dose is administered...
...Moore had an idea. (He found out years later that somebody else had had the idea before him, but had not pursued it.) Why not make use of some of the techniques of nuclear physics and inject into the patient a carefully measured dose of heavy water (D20, the oxide of deuterium, the nonradioactive isotope of hydrogen)? When the D20 and the body's ordinary water (H2O) were thoroughly mixed, the dilution of the heavy water would show the body's total water volume. All this was easier said than done; it took 2½ years...