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Artemisinin is critical to fighting malaria, a deadly global problem that kills up to 3 million people annually. The compound is found in wormwood plants that grow in Southeast Asia but costs $2.40 a dose. In developing countries, that might as well...
That's where Keasling comes in. He's focusing his lab's work on producing synthetic artemisinin to drive down the price per dose to pennies. Keasling and his team at Berkeley have already worked out how to extract the genes responsible for making artemisinin and transplanted them into a harmless strain of E. coli. Now they're furiously working those 100-hour weeks to reroute the metabolic traffic in the microbe and produce oodles of artemisinin...
...called RTS,S. In a test conducted in Mozambique and funded in part by GSK and the Gateses' Malaria Vaccine Initiative, RTS,S offered the first significant vaccine protection against malaria. The number of clinical cases in a group of children ages 1 to 4 who received the three-dose regimen fell 35%, compared with a control group, while the number of severe cases fell nearly...
...yearlong study of 1,621 children ages 2 months to 1 year, zinc supplements either prevented or lessened symptoms of pneumonia and diarrhea--conditions that kill millions of children each year in the developing world. Compared with the placebo group, children who took a weekly 70-mg dose of zinc had an 85% reduced risk of death...
ASPIRIN It turns out the studies that have proved, again and again, that low doses of aspirin taken daily can reduce the risk of a first heart attack--by an average of 30%--were conducted primarily on men. When the effects of aspirin were tested on the 40,000 participants in the giant Women's Health Study, the results were strikingly different: women who took aspirin every other day for 10 years had roughly the same number of heart attacks as those taking a placebo. The only group of women who had fewer heart incidents were those who were...