Word: draft
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Rest or Peace. At issue was the case of Elliott A. Welsh II, a 28-year-old Los Angeles commodities broker who applied for draft exemption in 1964. In filling out the C.O. form, Welsh carefully crossed out the words "religious training," in part to show that he opposed war on broader historical, philosophical and sociological principles. When his application was denied, he refused induction and was sentenced to three years in prison...
Speaking for four of the five Justices in the court majority, Hugo Black reversed Welsh's conviction as inconsistent with the Seeger decision. Black noted that the draft law bars exemption based on "essentially political, sociological or philosophical views, or a merely personal moral code." Even so, Black suggested that such views can be held so firmly as to be "religious" in the eyes of the law. Because few registrants know how broadly the law defines that word, he said, their statements that their beliefs are nonreligious are "highly unreliable." According to Black, the law actually exempts "all those...
...decision especially upset Selective Service Director Curtis Tarr, who predicted that the country's 4,101 local draft boards will have great trouble deciding how to apply the ruling. Tarr quickly issued guidelines stating that every applicant for C.O. status must: - Be sincere in his beliefs. - Be opposed to war in all forms...
...Tarr's view, an already unfair draft system has been made even more unfair. Unless an applicant can display a knowledge of ethics and philosophy, he may be dubbed lacking in "rigorous training." Concluded Tarr: "The young man who has the best chance is a major in philosophy at a first-class college...
Wall Street does not want those powers exercised by the Government. To head off that possibility, an industry task force has drafted a bill that would make SIPC an almost purely industry self-regulating body. Under the industry's proposal, the insurance corporation would have twelve directors, but only two would be Government appointees; the others would be chosen by stock exchanges and industry associations. The SEC would have general authority to review SIPC operations, but at one point the industry draft specifies that there would be "no addition to" the SEC's regulatory powers...