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...work is based on the landmark experiment performed in 1990 by NIH Drs. W. French Anderson, Michael Blaese and Kenneth Culver on two Ohio girls, ages 4 and 9. Neither child was producing ADA, an enzyme that rids the bloodstream of harmful metabolic products. The absence of ADA can cause SCID by allowing toxic substances to accumulate and destroy immune-system cells. Both children had been kept alive by weekly injections of PEG-ADA, a costly synthetic enzyme, but neither was in good health...
Emery and Gobea also agreed to have their son be part of the experiments. Immediately after Andrew was born, the obstetrician snipped his cord and drew out the umbilical blood. She rushed it to Childrens Hospital in Los Angeles, where a team led by Drs. Donald Kohn and Kenneth Weinberg separated the stem cells and endowed them with normal ADA genes. Then the newly equipped stem cells were injected into the baby's bloodstream. Two days later, Wara went through the procedure on Zachary Riggins in San Francisco, after his stem cells had been shuttled to Kohn and Weinberg...
...addition to Antman the institute's recognized specialists are Drs. George P. Canellos, Emil Frei III, Marc B. Garnick, Jay R. Harris, Philip W. Kantoff, William D. Kaplan, Peter M. Mauch, Robert J. Mayer, Lee M. Nadler, Stephen E. Sallan and Howard J. Weinstein...
...first oncogene known to exist inside animal and human cells was discovered in 1976 by Drs. J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus of the University of California at San Francisco. Since then, scientists have found more than 50, some of which appear to be more important than others in human cancers. Mutations in the RAS oncogene, for instance, are believed to play a role in a majority of pancreatic and colon cancers, and some lung cancers as well. Mutations in other oncogenes have been linked to leukemia and the most lethal forms of breast and ovarian cancer...
...landmark experiment, led by Dr. W. French Anderson, a pioneering advocate of gene therapy, and Drs. R. Michael Blaese and Kenneth Culver, raised the curtain on what some experts believe will be a new era in medicine, when many previously incurable genetic diseases will be contained or even conquered. The long-term impact on society could be enormous. Up to 5% of the infants born in the U.S. are afflicted with often debilitating and sometimes fatal genetic diseases. In most cases, no effective treatment exists for these disorders, which are caused by one or more faulty or missing genes among...