Word: drugged
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...Vaccines are one of our top priorities," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), which helped fund the study and will finance a larger study of the cocaine vaccine next year. In September, NIDA also granted $10 million for a clinical trial to the makers of NicVAX, a nicotine vaccine that works similarly to the cocaine vaccine - by stimulating the immune system to create antibodies that bind to drug molecules and prevent them from entering the brain. (Because people don't generally make natural antibodies to cocaine, the cocaine vaccine combines a cocaine molecule...
...placebo group or those who did not produce sufficient antibodies. Overall, cocaine use was reduced by at least half in 53% of the people who produced a strong antibody response, compared with 23% of those who had a weaker antibody response. That's far from abstinence, although reduction in drug use still has benefits, Volkow notes - like reducing people's risk of overdose and heart attack, for example...
...most useful for relapse prevention, rather than to initiate abstinence. "If you give it to someone who has gone through rehab and is trying to stay clean and relapses, the vaccine will be able to interfere with that relapse and that will be incredibly important," she says. When former drug abusers attempt to use "just once," it often leads rapidly back to full addiction, a cycle that could perhaps be curbed if the drug's high were blunted by a vaccine...
Zero-tolerance policies for violent, drug-related or otherwise unacceptable behavior grew out of federal mandates for education-funding in the early 1990s. The horrific slaughter at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, reinforced the rigid policies. In Texas, according to a state legislative study, some 144,000 students were sent to DAEP or juvenile-justice alternative education facilities in 2007; 25% of them had disabilities, and minorities made up 65% of the DAEP students and 73% of the juvenile-justice students. Violations ranged from sharing illegal substances or bringing weapons to school to engaging...
...inflict harsh punishment when necessary. To contain threats, Washington needs to form alliances with neighboring states like Pakistan, India, China, Russia and even Iran, which supported us in the early days of the war. All share an interest in combatting Sunni-based religious extremism as well as the drug trade...