Word: duodenum
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...electric current sent through this wire papillotome burns a larger opening in the papilla and cauterizes the wound. Stones can then pass from the bile duct into the duodenum and on through the intestine...
...most cases, what the average victim calls his "stomach ulcer" is actually located in the duodenum, the next lower chamber in the digestive tract. Traditional methods of treating ulcers have been of limited value: antacids, whether recommended by the doctor or the TV set, give only short-term relief, and some (notably that old stand-by bicarbonate) may cause harmful side effects. Bland diets-baby food and milk and cream-are unbalanced and unsatisfying. Antispasmodic drugs are of dubious value and have serious side effects. Surgery to cut out part of the stomach or sever the nerves that govern...
Nature designed the ducts to carry bile on its way from the liver, where it is made, to the duodenum, where it aids in digestion. Among the estimated 200 occurrences each year of biliary atresia in the U.S., there are a few in which ducts outside the liver are large enough for corrective surgery. But not in William's case...
...trained his surgical microscope, working at 20-to 40-power magnification, on the minuscule bile ducts. He exposed them, and with incredibly fine needlework sewed one branch of the U over them like a funnel. He sutured the other branch of the U into the upper part of the duodenum, about where nature intended bile...
Almost all nutrients enter the system by absorption through the walls of the small intestine, which had been removed and replaced by an emergency short circuit from the patient's duodenum to the remainder of her colon (see diagram). The only recourse was intravenous feeding, which is rarely satisfactory for more than a few weeks, even in a hospital. And Jane Smith (not her real name), 37, was eager to go home to her two young children...