Word: duvalierization
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At one time a country doctor, Duvalier came to power in 1957, emerging as president after months of political upheaval, rioting, executions, and military rule. He modeled his regime after that of Trujillo in the Dominican Republic and enforced it with his secret police, the famed Tonton Macoute.
It is to the credit, however small, of the U.S. government that it finally terminated its aid to Duvalier. Friction developed during the dictator's early years when members of the American AID mission--which between 1945 and 1963 poured $105 million into Haiti--often woke to find that their...
Events reached a climax in 1963, when Dulavier ordered the American military mission, a single company of Marines who were training the army in police work, out of the country for "interference" in Haitian politics. A force of Haitian exiles, supported and armed by the new president of the Dominican...
Fearing the worst and genuinely disgusted with Duvalier, the U.S. withdrew its AID mission in August. Washington maintains a small embassy staff in Port-au-Prince and terms its relations with Duvalier "cool but correct."
Posters of Duvalier are everywhere, and a heavy guard of soldiers with rifles and bayonets patrols the entrances to his palace. Small police units stop traffic on the country roads at intervals of 20 miles and ask for identification. "What do they want?" you ask your driver. "It's an...