Word: dweck
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Research suggests that when schools or parents put undue emphasis on grades, learning suffers. A recent study of 412 fifth-graders by Claudia Mueller and Carol Dweck at Columbia University found that kids who are praised for their performance and inherent intelligence are less willing to take risks and have trouble weathering any sort of failure. Kids who receive praise for their hard work and persistence tend to blame failure not on a lack of ability but on not trying hard enough. "This encourages them to sustain their motivation, performance and self-esteem," says Dweck...
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